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Nursing process in prevention of immobilization syndrome
Havlasová, Anežka ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of immobilization syndrome. It aims to point out the risks associated with long-term immobilization, recognize the early symptoms of immobilization syndrome and prevent complications. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of the immobilization syndrome in individual organ systems, where related changes and prevention are described in detail. The empirical part consists of a questionnaire survey, which focuses on the knowledge of nurses from the standard and ICU departments. The verified knowledge concerns the prevention and nature of the immobilization syndrome. A total of 99 respondents across the Faculty Hospital in Motola participated in the survey. The obtained data were processed and then the knowledge of nurses was compared based on education, type of workplace and length of practice. Objectives: The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to provide a comprehensive overview of relevant findings on immobilization syndrome. Furthermore, the goal was to find out, through a questionnaire, the nurses' own construction of knowledge about immobilization syndrome. Methods: The investigation was conducted through a quantitative research survey. The self- designed questionnaire was distributed in printed form to practical and general nurses. The...
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Nursing process in a patient with hydrocephalus
Suková, Elishka ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The present bachelor thesis is devoted to the nursing process and education in a patient with hydrocephalus. The aim of the thesis was to determine to what extent the disease affects the patient's quality of life, focusing on the period before and after the insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Furthermore, how the patient felt during the hospitalization, whether he was satisfied with the attitude of the staff, whether he was properly educated before and after surgery or before discharge to home care. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to a detailed description of the disease, its causes in neonatal, childhood and adulthood, symptoms of patients of all ages and treatment options. The empirical part of the thesis is based on quantitative research investigation, analysis of the obtained data and comparison of the results of the thesis with similar works. The research method chosen was a quantitative survey using a non-standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was carried out at the Neurosurgical Clinic of Motol University Hospital and the 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University, after prior approval of the deputy for nursing care and with the consent of the management of the clinic. The results of the survey showed that 86.11% of the respondents reported an improvement...
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Chronic wound care - shin ulcer
Kümmelová, Tereza ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis Chronic wound care - shin ulcer deals with the issue of chronic wounds focusing on tibial ulcers. The aim of the thesis was: To collect data on treatment options for and to study the available resources. To obtain data from the database "Care of the patient with a non-healing wound" at the University Hospital in Motol. These data were then assessed and statistically processed. To calculate a qualified estimate of the burden of nursing staff related to the care of patients with shin ulcer in internal medicine units, surgical units and in general in the University Hospital in Motol. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a basic overview of the problem. The empirical part of the thesis presents the results of the own investigation and their comparison with the results of previously conducted studies. The method of the research investigation was secondary data analysis from the database "Care of a patient with a non-healing wound" at the University Hospital in Motol. The research investigation included 164 patients with shin ulcer hospitalized in the period from January 1, 2022 to June 31, 2022 at the University Hospital in Motol. Results: It was found that more males were hospitalized with shin ulcer than females in Motol University Hospital during the period. More patients with...
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Scale assessment in nursing process for children
BENEDIKTOVÁ, Anna
Introduction The nursing process is an integral part of quality nursing care in paediatrics. This process contains many individual components that can work together to create a whole that not only assists nurses, but also makes patients' hospital stays more enjoyable. One of the components is assessment and measurement scales. These can be focused on pain, consciousness, nutrition or fall risk. Objectives of the work The aim was to become familiar with assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics and to find out their application in the nursing process in selected paediatric wards. First, we investigated which assessment scales can be applied in the nursing process in children. This was followed by interviews in which we focused on the assessment scales used in the selected wards and how nurses view the use of assessment scales. Methodology The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we searched the literature for assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics. In the second phase, we conducted closely interviews, which were conducted with nurses working in standard wards or in the ICU. The research investigation was developed by searching information from the literature and also using closely interviews with nurses in our selected wards. Data collection was conducted from January to June 2023. All interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed into MS Word. The "pencil paper" method was used to analyse and code the data. Subsequently, the data was broken down into units, which were assigned appropriate codes and these were grouped into categories. These categories and subcategories were then worked into clear diagrams and described in detail. Results From the research we found that there are many scales for assessing pain, and not all can be applied to the same age. In addition, for each of the scales the correct tally or technique needs to be found and each is rated differently in the result. Nurses are familiar with the assessment scales they use on the wards and know what they are used for, but do not know their exact names, but rather a general one for the assessment issue. Most nurses spoke in general terms such as 'pain assessment', 'fall risk assessment', 'consciousness assessment'. Not all units use the same assessment techniques, nor do they all use the same assessment domains. Conclusion The results show that rating scales are an essential part of nursing documentation. So many assessment scales have been used that most wards are able to choose one that suits their particular issue and the department we selected did so. However, it is important to choose the right one with respect to the age and psychomotor development of the child. This bachelor's thesis can be used in the theoretical and practical part of teaching in Paediatric Nursing. The assessment techniques can be used in professional practice in the respective departments or we can offer a pain assessment scale that we have devised. It could assist nurses in diagnosing and determining the degree of pain in all ages.
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Nursing care for a child patient with visual ampairment - strabismus
ŽLIČAŘOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the nursing care of a pediatric patient with the visual impairment/ strabismus. The name of this visual defect is derived from the Greek word strabidzein - squint. The Czech name for this visual impairment is squint. If this defect is not detected and diagnosed early in a child's life, it can cause health complications later in his life. If treated late, it can cause health complications also in adulthood. The first aim of the bachelor thesis was to map the specifics of nursing care in a pediatric patient with this diagnosed defect, especially in hospitalized children. The second aim was to map the role of the nurse in the education of the pediatric patient with diagnosed visual impairment/ strabismus, especially in the preoperative and postoperative care of hospitalized children. The third aim was to map the impact of the disease on the psychological needs of pediatric patients with strabismus, both in hospitalised children and in families with children with strabismus. The final aim was to map the impact of the disease on the social needs of the pediatric patient with strabismus, also in the case of hospitalised children, as well as the impact on the social needs of the child's family. The research part of the study was created based on a qualitative investigation, using the method of interviewing families with children with strabismus and their parents and nurses working at the Eye Clinic of the Children's Hospital FN Brno. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interview technique. Data collection in families was conducted in person or online and in-depth interviews with nurses were conducted in person on the ward at the hospital. The results were processed using the pencil and paper method into categories and subcategories. The survey found that currently the approach in pre - and post-operative care is very individual and adapted to the needs of pediatric patients. Hospitalization of a pediatric patient with a legal representative or an attendant becomes a matter of course according to the possibilities of the department. In the course of our investigation, it was found that the specifics of nursing care are mostly related to the fact that the child cannot see, has one or both eyes covered after surgery. And medical staff becoming the "eyes" of the child and all care is then based on that. Furthermore, the roles of the nurse in the education of the pediatric patient were mapped, where it was found how important it is to educate the child according to his age, but it is also essential to educate the parents. And thanks to this, the whole hospitalization is usually calmer, because parents have enough information and the mutual cooperation between hospital staff and parents works. Furthermore, it was confirmed that young children with strabismus do not have problems with integration into the collective, neither does strabismus cause them problems in sports activities. However, no child in the interviews is doing the sport at a professional level, the possibility of restrictions cannot be assessed here. It has also been found that often the strabismus itself and its diagnosis are psychologically more difficult for parents to bear than for the children themselves. In the end, it was found that the children found it most difficult to use the occlusor among the compensatory aids. Here, further adaptation of this compensatory aid to the child is needed so that it is as suitable as possible and the treatment can be effective. The results obtained from the research can be used to create an educational leaflet for children and their parents motivating them to wear the occlusor and other compensatory aids for strabismus. The reason for this is that families were found to frequently refuse to wear an occlusor or glasses as a compensatory aid, or to take them off.
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Taking Care of Prostatectomy Patients Making Use of the Callisty Roy Nursing Programme
KRAMÁŘOVÁ, Iva
This diploma thesis deals with nursing care for prostatectomy patients using Callista Roy´s nursing programme. The situation, after prostate surgery, is a new life experience for men, that takes adaptation. Callista Roy, the author of Adaptation Model, was dealing with patient adaptation. The diploma thesis has set three aims. The first aim was to find out what interventions are used by nurses to support patient adaptation after prostatectomy in individual Callista Roy´s adaptation models. The second aim was to find out what stimuli nurses observe while providing prostatetomy patients with nursing care, and the third aim was to find out what problems prostatectomy patients face in individual adaptation modes. Three research questions were determined for these three aims. The diploma thesis contains two research files. The first research file are Urological Intensive Care Unit nurses and the other one are patients hospitalized at the Urological Standard Unit. Data was collected using qualitative research, methodology of questionnaires, interviewing technnique in prostatectomy patients at a hospital facility and nurses taking care of these patients. The survey is made complete by participant observation. The survey was carried out in February and March 2023. Nurse interview results have proven that nurses apply elements of the adaptation physiological mode when providing prostatectomy patients with nursing care. Patient interview results have proven they do not observe any problem in adapting to hospital environment nor in adapting to the state after having their prostate removed. The patient interview results have implicitly proven that they downplay the problems, and they would appreciate some help supporting their adaptation. The results of this diploma thesis may serve as a study material for healthcare field students. The diploma thesis may serve as inspiration for nurses supporting patient adaptation to carried-out prostatectomy.
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Risks in the emergency department in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic
SMÝKALOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis focuses on the risks in the emergency department that may occur in newly emerging major epidemics, similar to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the thesis was mainly to assess the risks of care and to identify the characteristic features of patients with COVID-19. The intention was to find out how positive (infectious) patients are identified. The final chosen aim was to develop recommendations containing measures for the management of patients with COVID-19 disease and minimizing risks in the emergency department. The method of research investigation to achieve the set objectives was by retrospective observational study and participating observation. The research was conducted in adult patients with a focus on positive patients in a low threshold emergency department. The data obtained from the prospective observational study were processed using the computer program STATISTICA 12. According to the results of the study, more positive patients were referred to the outpatient department from the waiting room, while significantly more positive patients were referred to the standard ward, ICU, CCU or ED from the observation hall. In both cases, more than 80 % of positive patients from the observation ward were admitted to the ICU and standard units. According to the average number of patients, 8 % more patients visited the low threshold emergency department on a weekday than on a weekend. From the observational cohort, the identification of positive patients in 112 (56.85 %) cases was done using Rapid Ag test, The results of the data analysis will be beneficial in terms of risk to make recommendations to the low threshold emergency department for the treatment of patient with COVID-19 and to minimize the risks both for patients and for healthcare professionals.
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Factors influencing development of cultural competencies in nursing students
ŠPIROCHOVÁ, Ilona
The concept of cultural competence hides a large amount of information on how to provide culturally appropriate care. This bachelor thesis deals not only with the cultural competencies themselves, but also with related factors that affect their development. It also deals with transcultural models and the effect of cultural competencies in the nursing process. The aim of the thesis was to map the factors influencing the development of cultural competencies in nursing students. To fulfil the goal, 4 hypotheses have been set. To verify the hypotheses, quantitative data collection has been performed using an online questionnaire. Students of the General Nurse and General Nursing program have been assigned to the research group. The results have shown that nursing students are influenced by the media, education, social networks and the attitude of teachers, but not to the extent we have expected. The results also show that nursing students most often meet the Romani people, Ukrainian and Vietnamese patients during their internship. As part of their internship, students most often encounter patients who profess Christianity, Islam, and Jehovah's Witnesses. In the research, students have shown that they have knowledge in the field of transcultural nursing and consider it important to provide culturally competent care. The conclusion of the research is that cultural competences will become more and more popular among nursing students due to the current increase in migration. The development of cultural competences will still need to be expanded in the areas of knowledge and skills in transcultural nursing.
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Wound care in context of the nursing process
NĚMEČKOVÁ, Jana
Wound dressing is a part of patient care not only in the departments specialized in surgical procedures. Given that the patient with a wound has certain specific needs, an effective method of providing nursing care can be found in the application of the nursing process. The aim of the thesis was to map the issue of dressing in the context of the nursing process. Other goals were to find out what patients expect in connection with the treatment of a wound from a nurse and what patient's needs are satisfied in the treatment of wounds. Three research questions were identified. How does wound dressing work in nursing practice? How do nurses perceive their competencies for wound dressings? How do patients perceive wound dressings? The method of elaboration of the empirical part was a qualitative research investigation, which was carried out by the technique of semi-structured interview with patients who had an acute or chronic wound and were treated in hospital in connection with its treatment. The second group of informants consisted of nurses who work at surgery department and take care of patients and their wounds during their work. The research group consisted of eleven patients and twelve nurses. Based on the study of the literature, ten basic questions for interviews with patients and eleven basic questions for interviews with nurses were created. With the consent of the informants, all the interviews obtained were recorded on an audio recording and subsequently cleaned from padding words and transcribed. The method chosen for processing the obtained data was open coding, the "pencil and paper" technique. The results of the research survey are presented in the form of categories and subcategories. From the answers of the informants it was clear that wound care is very different according to workplaces and care system. The results of the research revealed that the most frequently reported need of patients with a wound is the need to be pain-free. Furthermore, it was found that even though the informants claimed that the nursing process in their workplaces is both partially and fully used, they did not demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of the nursing process in other issues. Thanks to the mapping of the issue by the above groups, some opinions were connected, and the shortcomings or necessary changes were revealed, which can be the basis for new research work.
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Use of NIC, NOC classification of patients after spinal surgery
MACHOVÁ, Karolina
Generally, the main topic of the thesis is the use of NIC and NOC classification of patients after a spinal surgery. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with a trauma of the spine as well as a non-traumatic affection of the spine and its symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment. Further, it focuses on nursing care of patients before and after a spine surgery. Firstly, general terms of the nursing care, such as control of vital functions, are analysed. The next part is devoted to the specifics of nursing care with respect to every segment of the spine after surgery. The next chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis describes the nursing process with emphasis on every phase thereof, and related medical documentation with its use and rules. Moreover, the respective chapter deals with the nursing diagnoses NANDA, NIC and NOC classifications and Alliance 3N. The first goal of the thesis was to find out what knowledge nurses have regarding nursing care for patients after spinal surgery. My research has revealed that the majority of nurses are well-oriented in nursing care for patient after spinal surgery, despite some of nurses' lack of knowledge. The second goal set for this thesis was to determine what are the benefits of NIC, NOC classifications for providing nursing care for patients after spinal surgery. According to the results of my research, we can conclude that most nurses consider the classification of NIC and NOC in practice rather unhelpful. This piece of information also answers the established research question: Is NIC and NOC classification according to nurses beneficial in practice? Furthermore, the following two goals: to find out what NIC interventions nurses use by patients after spinal surgery. To find out what goals of NOC classification are typically used by nurses, are contained in Tables 3-10. The result of the research question, what do nurses think about the NIC and NOC classification, showed mostly negative opinions. For another research question: How satisfied are nurses with the created nursing documentation with respect to nursing care for patients after spinal surgery, we found out that most nurses are rather dissatisfied with the submitted nursing documentation. Furthermore, two hypotheses were established: H1: Knowledge of the principles of nursing care for patients after spinal surgery are affected by the experience, was rejected. H2: Knowledge of the principles of nursing care for patients after spinal surgery are affected by education, was also rejected. Despite the fact, that NIC and NOC classifications are not used in health care services in the Czech Republic, many nurses knew them. Because of the fact that many nurses have rather negative attitude with respect to the classifications, we can assume that if the classifications were adapted to the conditions of the Czech healthcare system and there would be certain changes such as simplification or shortening of content, nurses might have a more positive approach to the classifications. Therefore, NIC and NOC classification could be part of the nursing standards of practice, as they are verified tools for providing nursing care.
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